Python中dir()、help()的使用
Python中的内置方法有很多，今天简单的说一下dir和helo的用法。当我们需要使用某些函数或者模块，对于内部的有些函数不清楚时，可以通过这两个函数进行查看具体的用法。
dir(): 用于查看对象内的属性以及方法。
help(): 用于查看属性和方法的详细说明
dir
查看str这个对象内的属性和方法
>>> dir(str)['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isascii', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']>>>
当dir不带参数执行时，返回当前范围内的变量、方法和属性列表>>> dir()['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']
help
查看help属性和方法的详细说明，可通过Enter键加载更多。
>>> help('str')
Help on class str in module builtins:
class str(object)
| str(object='') -> str
| str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
| | Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
| errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
| that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
| Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) | or repr(object).
| encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
| errors defaults to 'strict'.
| | Methods defined here:
| | __add__(self, value, /)
| Return self+value.
| | __contains__(self, key, /)
| Return key in self.
| | __eq__(self, value, /)
| Return self==value.
| | __format__(self, format_spec, /)
| Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec.
| | __ge__(self, value, /)
| Return self>=value. | | __getattribute__(self, name, /)
| Return getattr(self, name).
| | __getitem__(self, key, /)
| Return self[key]. | | __getnewargs__(...) | | __gt__(self, value, /)
| Return self>value. | | __hash__(self, /)
| Return hash(self). | | __iter__(self, /)
| Implement iter(self). | | __le__(self, value, /)
| Return self<=value. | | __len__(self, /)
| Return len(self). | | __lt__(self, value, /)
| Return self
| Return self%value.
-- More --
>>>
当不带参数是 help() 则进入内置的帮助系统，可以在帮助系统内输入对象名进行查看。
>>> help() # 进入帮助系统
Welcome to Python 3.7's help utility!
If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at https://docs.python.org/3.7/tutorial/.
Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type "quit".
To get a list of available modules, keywords, symbols, or topics, type
"modules", "keywords", "symbols", or "topics". Each module also comes
with a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose name
or summary contain a given string such as "spam", type "modules spam".
help> str # 查看str的详细说明
Help on class str in module builtins:
class str(object)
| str(object='') -> str
| str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
| | Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
| errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
| that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
| Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if def
(责任编辑：范老师)
